Federal Governmental System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1183 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Federalism Essay Did you like this example? Federalism is a division of power between a central government and smaller regional government. Both levels of government share authority over their citizens. In the United States federalism can be seen in the distribution of powers between the federal government and state governments (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). This duality is mandated and protected by the United States Constitution. The Framers of the Constitution recognized that the United States covered a vast area and consisted of a very diverse group of people. Therefore, they needed state governments to have some control to adapt to the unique situations that may occur. Framers also knew that a division of power between the federal government and the states would keep the federal government from obtaining too much power, which could potentially be abused (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Additionally, the state and local governments were closer to the people, where local citizens could participate and interact with the government. This also provided a training ground for future national politicians, allowing them to gain experience before running for federal offices (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Lastly, federalism encouraged each state to experiment with policy and democracy, in what Justice Brandeis called â€Å"laboratories of democracy† (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Federal Governmental System" essay for you Create order This concept of a â€Å"laboratories of democracy† refers to each state being able to implement different policies and legislation based on their unique problems, needs, desires and culture. Current United States Federal Judge Sutton writes, â€Å"Fifty imperfect solutions—each grounded in constitutional guarantees the States have chosen for themselves, crafted to meet the peculiar needs of each State, and implemented by accountable state officials—are almost certainly superior to one imperfect solution. (White, 2018). Furthermore, states can learn from one another about what policies are effective and which are not. Other states or even the nation can adopt successful legislation. Additionally, if policies are ineffective or have negative effects on citizens, these policies are limited to only impact one state instead of the entire nation (Gardener, 1996). However, it should be noted that states must still operate within the rules of their own Consti tution and the United States Constitution. Additionally, despite the term experiment, it is not a methodical process where two ideas are tested against one another to see which is better. Instead legislation is experimental because it may be unclear what the consequences, especially unintended consequences may be (Gardener, 1996). There is a hope that legislation will solve a problem, improve life, better the economy or right a social wrong in the state but the actual result is unknown (Gardener, 1996). Experimentation has been successful in many cases. Massachusetts was the first state to experiment with universal health care, something that has now been adapted at a national level. New York was the first to pass common core in education, with an emphasis own universal curriculum standards, something was eventually adapted by almost every state. Wisconsin pioneered Welfare to Work programs, which is now a national policy (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Experimentation can go also very wrong. States over turn their own laws on a regular basis, especially those revolving around tax rates. Additionally, states can attempt to pass laws that impede the rights of a group of citizens due to cultural pressure from the population, despite this being forbidden by the Constitution. Examples of this are the Jim Crow laws in the south that established segregation or more recently, state bans on gay marriage (White, 2018). In these cases, laws were challenged through the judicial system and eventually overturned by the United States Supreme Court. State experimentation continues to today. Oregon, Colorado, Arizona and other states are attempting to boost voter turnout by having the option to mail in ballots for elections. Four states have recently legalized marijuana. California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws (Greeve, 2001). States are experimenting with immigration policies on both ends of the spectrum. In these cases, each state is passing legislation based on the unique needs and wants of their people. States who are considering such legislation may wait and see the effectiveness of the legislation currently in use and may learn from their mistakes. Conversely, other states may not want these laws to be passed and are instead focused on other issues based upon their own needs and wants, allowing each state to adapt to their own micro culture. As the â€Å"laboratories of democracy† examples show, federalism is not always positive. For example, it can be difficult to determine if the state or federal government is responsible for an issue. This may cause delays in responses to issues, problems or crises (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Division of power can also make it difficult to hold elected officials accountable, as again it can be unclear who is responsible or at fault for an issue. Layers of government can also cause redundancies, inefficiencies and inequalities, making government less productive and effective (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Lastly, the lack of uniformity in laws can create conflict between states or between states and the national government. This is especially true with social laws that may express very different views compared to other regions of the nation. The above examples of the Jim Crow laws and gay marriage bans are specific examples (Magleby, Light and Nemachec k, 2015). These both cause social unrest, protesting and in some cases violence. Not all governments are federalist. In fact unitary systems of government are the most common. Under this system all governmental power resides at the national level. The national government can delegate power to smaller units as it sees fit and can also remove that delegated power at any time (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). The United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, and China are examples of countries with unitary systems of government (Magleby, Light and Nemacheck, 2015). Unitary systems are more efficient and cut through some of the red tape. However, errors in policy impact the entire nation and can be devastating. Additionally, there is more potential for power to be abused in this type of system. This unfortunately happens frequently in Africa. No governmental system is perfect. In fact the Framers of the Constitution were counting on this imperfection to keep tyranny and absolute power from occurring. Federalism is effective in the United States because we are diverse culture where each state has their own economy, culture, need and wants. By allowing each state to experiment with their own policies, states can learn from one another and chose legislation that best fits their micro culture. The Supreme Court can overrule laws that prohibit the rights of others, again keeping the balance of power in place. References: Gardener, J. (1996) The States-as-Laboratories Metaphor in State Constitutional Law, Valparaiso Law Review, Vol 30, Number 2. Pages 475-491. Retrieved from: https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/httpsredir=1article=1888context=vulr Greve, M. (2001, March 21) Laboratories of Democracy: Anatomy of a Metaphor. American Enterprise Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.aei.org/publication/laboratories-of-democracy/print/ Magleby, D., Light, P. and Nemacheck, C. (2015) Government by the People: 2014 Elections and Updates Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson. White, Adam (2018, June 8) Laboratories of Liberty. The Weekly Standard. Retrieved from: https://www.weeklystandard.com/adam-j-white/laboratories-of-liberty

Comparing Characteristics And Differences Of Henry David...

Henry David Thoreau was someone people liked to talked about. He was known for leaving society for two years and two months to live alone in Walden Park. With a thick beard and a prominent nose, you could pick him out of a crowd of one-hundred. Chris McCandless on the other hand, lead the end of his life adventuring out West and in Alaska on limited resources. He too could be spotted anywhere. McCandless had a scraggly beard, was short, and wiry. These two real-life men, had their similarities and differences when it came to looks and actions. But the important similarities and comparisons are found in their time alone in the woods. Thoreau and McCandless loved the wilderness for different reasons both preferred to be alone but had†¦show more content†¦He was excited yet again because of the thought of independence. Thoreau and McCandless both preferred to be alone in life as adults. Thoreau says that â€Å"I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.† (Thoreau 88). He found more happiness being alone than in the company of others. He felt like this because as stated, solidarity was better for him. In addition, he also discusses how being with even the best of people can lead to disappointment and weariness. Being with people he says is the same every day, meeting too frequently, and having good etiquette around others. He finds this tiresome and mentions how when being alone you don’t have to worry about manners. Thoreau learned that being alone is what he preferred because it leads to being happier. Similar to Thoreau, McCandless preferred to be independent in the world. After McCandless finally hitchhiked up north through Canada, the author began talking about his fear of growing close with others. The author describes McCandless as relieved that he had dodged the â€Å"threat of human intimacy.† He removed, Westerberg, Burres, and Franz from his life painlessly and was now on his own. This is the way he preferred it, and he even had not contacted his sister Carnie who he was so close to. No matter how close McCandless was to a person, he never was co-dependent. He preferred this because he onlyShow MoreRelatedChristopher Johnson Mccandless s Transcendentalism2535 Words   |  11 Pagesan intensive connection among God, man, and nature. They emphasizes that the main truth of understanding reality in life should be an individual epiphany. Christopher Johnson McCandless from Into the Wild shared similar philosophical ideas as two notable transcendentalists known as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, and lived life like a transcendentalist based on his behaviors and life values. With the fact that remained in history, the primary conception of transcendentalism was led by

Business Communication of Dreamworld & Woolworth-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Professional Business Communication in the Context of Woolworths and Dreamworld. Answer: Introduction Professional business communication is an integral part of any business, which includes verbal, non-verbal, digital and visual communication processes in the context of the workplace (Fearn-Banks, 2016). Technical communication is a big part of the professional communication. In the modern era, the communication is changing rapidly. A wider variety of skills are associated with the professional communication. The main aim of the professional communication in an organization is to establish the stakeholder's relationship in an organization. Effective communication in an organization can enhance the growth as well as improve the brand image of an organization while poor communication affects the reputation of an organization. This study deals with the poor and effective communication process in the context of Dreamworld and Woolworths. Description of the businesses Woolworths is one of the major Australian supermarkets and most popular for its grocery items. Apart from the grocery items, this organization includes household products, health products, and beauty products (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2018). This company focuses on the development of the customer-centric business by using effective communication. However, this organization has a large number of suppliers, clients, and customers. Thus, the establishment of an effective communication is crucial for such organization to build a good relationship between the internal and external stakeholders. The traditional communication process of Woolworths includes the telephonic conversation while their new communication process is the establishment of cloud contact centre, which is an internet-based communication system. Dreamworld is a popular theme park in Australia, which is situated on the Gold Coast in Queensland. This park consists of Zoo. This land has a vast collection of animal exhibits, show, rides, and food shop (Dreamworld.com.au, 2018). One of the major disasters of Dreamworld is the death of the people during the visit of such park. Two women and two men were killed on the Thunder river rapid ride in this park. However, such organization was not able to establish an effective communication with the family of the died people. However, Dreamworld focuses on the social media application to establish a good customer relationship but in this particular situation, they failed to communicate with the stakeholders. Comparison of each communication in the context of Dreamworld and Woolworths Woolworths focuses both verbal and non-verbal communication process in their business to provide an excellent customer service. One of the major challenges that Woolworths has been faced is the high cost of different telephony platforms. However, different agents of Woolworths are present in different countries then it was difficult for them to link each agent and make an effective customer service through different telephony platforms. In order to reduce such problem, they have established a single contact centre by the implementation of cloud contact centre platform (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2018). Cloud contact centre is referred to the central point of an organization. This is based on the internet server through which the entire inbound and outbound customer communications are managed (Jasper, VanVleet Hushka, 2015). Voice call, social media application and email are the major components of the cloud communication centre. This clod contact centre helps Woolworths to blend the br and and the agents and the executives do not require to swap between the chat vice and email to display the customer information. However, this professional communication system was crucial for Woolworths to rectify their problem. The death of the people during the riding in Dreamworld was a big incident, which affects the organization. However, the communication between the staffs and the supervisor is not good in this organization and many staffs, as well as the customers, are treated badly. They feel uncomfortable while acquiring the service. During this incident, Dreamworld was failed to manage the public relationship or PR due to their poor communication strategy (Abc.net.au, 2018). They have used the indirect communication with the family members of died people through the press conference and the social media sites. They did not make any direct communication with them. In the recent years, the social media is a popular aspect to build a good public relation in the context of any organization (Breakenridge, 2017). However, Dreamworld has given a sub-standard communication response to the family members of died people. They have shown response via social media by taking 3 hours while it could be done with in 30 minutes. As per the analysis of the business communication in the context of Woolworths and Dreamworld it has been received that Woolworths has taken direct communication process to satisfy their stakeholders. On the other hand, Dreamworld has taken indirect communication process, which was not effective to reduce their current problem. Direct communication by using a single contact centre Woolworths was able to reduce the communication gap between the internal and the stakeholders while indirect communication and late response via social media affected the image of Dreamworld. Types of communication that worked and which did not work Direct communication works quickly in comparison to the indirect communication (Passera, Kankaanranta Louhiala-Salminen, 2017). However, in order to get a quick response, it is crucial for all organizations to make a direct communication with their external and internal stakeholders as this helps to collect the feedback from the stakeholders. In the context of Woolworths that have faced the issue due to different telephony platforms. This creates huge cost and makes the communication process complicated. Hence, Woolworths has applied a single centreed communication by using the cloud contact centre platform. This consists of social media, email and voice call, which are used to make a direct communication with the stakeholders. This direct communication process via cloud contact centre has worked properly in the context of Woolworths. On the other hand, Dreamworld gave their focus on the press conference to deliver their message to the victims family. This highlights the indirect co mmunication process in the business. On the other hand, they used the social media to communicate with the stakeholders, however; the response was not received quickly as they had taken more time to show the response. Thus, their direct communication did not work in this situation. Hence, this was a major drawback of Dreamworld in their professional business communication process. However, they had used both direct and indirect communication approaches but these did not work properly. It is important for a business to assist the stakeholders those are affected by the business (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2017). For this purpose, proper business communication is required. Woolworths was successful by the application of the cloud centre approach as it allows the agents to display the full history of the customers without making any swap between the email, voice and chat system. On the other hand, for Dreamworld they did not utilize the direct communication via using the social media due to their late response. Therefore, they had used a press conference to communicate with the victim's family but this failed to provide the satisfactory result, as the victim's family wanted direct communication. As a result, Dreamworld failed to manage the public relationship in their business by using both direct and indirect communication. Impact of the communication on these two businesses Business communication is a process to share the vision, mission, and objectives of a business with the stakeholders. Therefore, another aim of the professional business communication is to provide assistance to the stakeholders to give them any solution regarding the service (Patterson, 2016). In the context of business, their cloud contact center enhanced their business as they are able to reduce the high cost of the different telephony platforms. Therefore, cloud contact has provided a better customer experience and the employee empowerment. On the other hand, agent efficiency is optimized by the cloud contact centre in the business of Woolworths. Therefore, cloud contact centre is associated with the improvement of the flexibility and scalability. However, it is not possible for a business to communicate with the customers within proper time without having any functional contact centre (Fearn-Banks, 2016). Hence, cloud contact centre provides Woolworths a dynamic communication wi th their customers as well as it improves the customer-relationship by using mail, voice call, and social media application. It is important for an organization to utilize their communication technique by using it properly (McChesney, 2015). In the context of Dreamworld, they failed to communicate with the stakeholders as well as the victim's family. However, they did not use the direct call or direct communication with the victim's family, which had left a negative impact on their public relationship management. Their brand image has affected due to their poor communication. On the other hand, customer loyalty has broken in the context of this business. They have delivered their messages via press conference, which affected the trust of the consumers. As a result, this organization failed to manage the customer relationship in their business. Such poor communication damaged the business of Dreamworld. Conclusion The entire piece of work highlights the effective communication process in the context of Woolworths and poor business communication in the context of Dreamworld. However, application of the cloud contact centre was an effective approach of such organization to enhance the customer relationship in their business. On the other hand, Dreamworld failed to manage the public relationship as they were not able to make a direct communication with the public. This affects their brand image as well business growth. On the other hand, Woolworths got a successful business growth by satisfying their customers and by providing empowerment to th employees through cloud contact centre. References Abc.net.au. (2018).Lessons in how not to handle a crisis Retrieved 12 February 2018, from https://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s4566666.htm Jasper, J., VanVleet, J. A., Hushka, N. J. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,137,368. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.. Breakenridge, D. (2017).Answers for Modern Communicators: A Guide to Effective Business Communication. Routledge. Passera, S., Kankaanranta, A., Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2017). Diagrams in contracts: Fostering understanding in global business communication.IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication,60(2), 118-146. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2017).Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications. McChesney, R. W. (2015).Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious times. New Press. Patterson, P. (2016). Retrospective: tracking the impact of communications effectiveness on client satisfaction, trust and loyalty in professional services.Journal of Services Marketing,30(5), 485-489. Fearn-Banks, K. (2016).Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2018).Woolworthsgroup. Retrieved 12 February 2018, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au Dreamworld.com.au. (2018). Dreamworld. Retrieved 12 February 2018, from https://www.dreamworld.com.au/